I use a variety of vi(m) commands for my job, so many that I can’t always
remember how to do something that I have done before. Therefore I keep notes
them here, for my bad memory.
What is the difference between Vi and Vim
Vim is Vi improve, everything that in vi is available in vim.
Here is some of the extended vim features:ref
- Vim support syntax highlighting, code folding, etc.
- Vim allows the screen to be split for editing multiple files.
- Vim includes a built in diff for comparing files (vimdiff)
- Vim support plugins
General command use in VIM
### insert mode
i -> insert mode at cursor
I -> insert mode at the beginning of Line
a -> append after the cursor
A -> append at the end ot line
o -> insert bank line below current line
O -> insert bank line above current line
### Cursor move
h,j,k,l ←, ↓, ↑, →
w -> jump to the head of next word
W -> jump to the head of next word which begin with bank
e -> jump to the end of next word
E -> jump to the end of next word which begin with bank
b -> jump to the head of previous word
B -> jump to the head of previous word which begin with bank
0 -> jump to the first character of current line
$ -> jump to the end of current line
^ -> jump to the first not-white-space character of current line
g_ -> jump to the last not-white-space character of current line
gg -> jump to the first not-while-space character of first line
G -> jump to the first not-while-space character of last line
`. -> jump the position of last edit
'' -> jump the previous position of cursor
H -> jump to first line of screen
M -> jump to the middle line of screen
L -> jump to the last line of screen
% -> jump to the match symbol
{ -> paragraph backward
} -> paragraph backward
[ -> jump to previous
] -> jump to next
zt -> move current line to the top of window
zz -> move current line to the center of window
zb -> move current line to the bottom of window
ctrl+e -> scroll screen backward
ctrl+y -> scrool screen forward
ctrl+u -> scroll half screen backward
ctrl+d -> scroll half screen backward
ctrl+f -> scrool to next screen
ctrl+b -> scrool to previous screen
### Edit
cw -> change word
C -> change to the end of line
u -> undo
~ -> switch case
gu -> uppercase select characters
gU -> lowercase select characters
>> -> indent line one column right
<< -> indent line one column left
== -> auto-indent current line
ctrl+r -> redo
### Cut, copy and paste
dd -> delete current line, and put it to clipboard
x -> delete current character
X -> delete previous character
dw -> delete to end of word
D -> delete to end of line
yy -> copy current line
yw -> copy to end of word
y$ -> copy to end of line
p -> paste after the cursor
P -> paste befor the cursor
"+y -> copy to system clipboard
"+gP -> paste from system clipboard
[N]yy -> copy N lines
### Fold
zm -> increase the foldlevel by one
zM -> close all open folds
zr -> decrease the foldlevel by one
zR -> decrease the foldlevel to zero -- all folds will be open
zo -> opens a fold at the curse
zO -> opens all folds at the curse
zc -> close one fold
zC -> close all folds at the curse
zj -> jump to next fold
zk -> jump to previous fold
zf -> fold manual, using `V` to select lines and type `zf` to fold them
### split
:split
:vspl
ctrl+w+h/j/k/l move cursor between split windows
### Search
* -> search string forward
# -> search string backward
/pattern -> search for pattern
/\cpattern -> search for pattern, ignore upper and lower case
/pattern\c -> search for pattern, ignore upper and lower case
?pattern -> search backwards for pattern
n -> repeat search in same direction
N -> repeat search in opposite direction
f -> search character forward
F -> search character backward
### Save and quit
:w -> save
:wq -> save and quit
:x -> save and quit
:q -> quit, fail to quit if not save the changed
:q! -> force quit
ZZ -> save and quit
### File
use `vim file1 file2 ...` to open multiple files
:bn -> next buffer
:bp -> previous buffer
:bd! -> delete current buffer tag
:e path -> edit file
:e -> reload current file
:r !cmd -> read the result the command to the cursor of current file
### simple skills
xp -> swap two characters
gg=G -> indent the file
[N]G -> jump to Nth line
yyp -> copy and paste current line
yw -> yank to the end of word
yiw -> yank word
= -> auto-indent selected lines
== -> auto-indent current lines
n== -> auto-indent [count] lines (start from current line)
gd -> jump to the defined position of variable
### Other
. -> repeat last change
J -> join [count] lines
:nohl -> not highlight
:set -> nu show number
:set -> wrap
:set -> nowrap
:set -> syntax=python` manual set syntax language
C-x or C-a -> minus or add 1 to current digit
:%!xxd -> hex edit
:%!xxd -r -> return from hex edit
:set mouse = -> available right button of mouse
:set mouse =a -> disable right button of mouse
:set paste -> useful for paste text to vim
:set nopaste -> disable paste mode
### substitute
(use command ":help substitue" for more information)
:[range]s/pattern/string/[c,e,g,i]
range 1,7 line 1 to 7 1,$ line 1 to last % all lines
pattern string be searched
string string for substitute
c comfirm
e not show error
g global, match all search of current line
i ignore
e.g.
:%s/\s\+$// delete all spaces between first space to the end of line
:%s/h14/h12/g replace h14 to be h12 for all occurrence in the file
:1,$s/h14/h12/g replace h14 to be h12 from first line to the last line
### Visual Mode
(use command ":help v" for more information)
v start visual mode per character
V start visual mode linewise
ctrl+v start visual mode blockwise
### Text object (multiple lines possible)
(use command ":help objects" for more information)
Operator Mapping
v|c|d|y i|a {|[|(|"|'|w|p
visual Inner Object Region
change An Object {} [] () "" '' word paragraph
delete
yank
e.g.
vi{ : select characters between brace
va" : select characters, include double quotes
viw : visual a word
di" : delete characters between quotes
ci( : change characters between bracket
### do operation to string (single line only)
v|c|d|y f|t character, work on current line only
e.g:
vf{ : select characters to the first '{', include '{'.
vt{ : select characters to the first '{', exclude '{'.
using `;` to select the next character
v|c|d|y /|? character, work on the whole paper
e.g:
v/{<CR> : select characters to the first '{', include '{'.
v///<CR> : select characters to the first '//', include '//'.
v?{ : select characters to the first '{', exclude '{'.
using `n` or `N` to select the next character
### do operation on lines
[N]yy : copy N lines
[N]dd : delete N lines
:.,+2d : delete current line through the next 2 lines
:3,5m10 : move lines 3 through 5 to follow 10 (like delete and put in vi)
:3,5co10 : copy lines 3 through 5 to after 10 (like yank and put in vi)
:3,5t. : copy lines 3 through 5 to current line (like yank and put in vi)
### Auto completion
C-p
C-n
C-x C-p Word completion, backward
C 10 -x C-n Word completion, forward
C-x C-l Line completion
C-x C-f File name completion
### regular expression
:help regexp -> for more information
. any character without new line
* 0 or more
^ begin of the line
$ end of the line
\+ 1 or more
\? 0 or 1
\
|
[] -> [abc], [^abc], [a-z]
()
{} -> {n}, {n,}, {n,m}
\d -> digit, [0-9]
\D -> non-digit, [^0-9]
\s -> whitespace character: <Space> and <Tab>
\S -> non-whitespace character
\w
\x hex digit: [0-9A-Fa-f]
\X non-hex digit: [^0-9A-Fa-f]
\o octal digit: [0-7]
\O non-octal digit: [^0-7]
\w word character: [0-9A-Za-z_]
\W non-word character: [^0-9A-Za-z_]
\h head of word character: [A-Za-z_]
\H non-head of word character: [^A-Za-z_]
\a alphabetic character: [A-Za-z]
\A non-alphabetic character: [^A-Za-z]
\l lowercase character: [a-z]
\L non-lowercase character: [^a-z]
\u uppercase character: [A-Z]
\U non-uppercase character: [^A-Z]
### Session
:mksession .mysession.vim make a session for current documents, use "gvim -S
.mysession.vim" to open it.
### History
q: enter history commands, then choose and execute the command
### Marks
(use command ":help mark-motions" for more information)
mx set mark x, x can use a..z characters
'x jump to mark x
:marks show all marks
### Register
:reg view register content
"0p paste from register 0
"1p paste from register 1
"_D delete contents to back hole register
### Complex repeats
qq operators q record all operators to q register
100@q repeat the operators 100 times
### Editing Files in other places
vim scp://[user@]hostname[:port]//FilePath
e.g.: vim scp://root@172.16.110.39//root/a.c
### Merge code by vimdiff
`]c` go to next difference
`[c` go to previous difference
`do` diff get, get the change from another file to current file
`dp` diff put, put the change from current file to another file
### source vimrc, not need to exit vim to make config effective
:so % -> source current file(.vimrc)
:so ~/.vimrc -> source specified file
### run vi scripts under terminal
vi -e -s -c ":%s/pattern/string/g" -c ":wq" file-name
### Help
:help symbol
skills for program
- open file on current cursor, use command
gf; if the file is not in current
directory, use:set path+=yourfilepathto add more dir to the path, use
:help pathfor more info.
some skills
command mode type
:nohlcancel high lightsubstituttion
sample lines:+ (http://www.google.com)\[google\]
+ (http://www.wolframalpha.com/)\[wolfram\]
into the lines:
+ [google](http://www.google.com)
+ [wolfram](http://www.wolframalpha.com/)
Here is the command to do this::%s/+ \(.*\)\(\[.*\]\)/+ \2\1/gcompare file
vimdiff file1 file2orgvim -d file1 file2digit operator
ctrl+aincrement 1
ctrl+xsubtract 1delete all comments
:%s/\/\*\_.\{-}\*\//gor:%s#\M/*\m\_.\{-}\M*/##gdelete match/unmatch lines
:g/.*patternSearch.*/d
:v/#include/dDelete all lines except “#include” linesmore substitution
Substituting all lines with its line number
:%s/^/\=line(".") . ". "/g
Resort numeric
:4,$s/\d\+/\=submatch(0) + 1/
Insert sequence number to column position
:%s/table\[\]/\='table[' . printf("%d",line(".")) . ']'/g
:%s/table\[\]/\='table[' . printf("%d",line(".")+9) . ']'/gstart from 10delete bank line
:g/^$/d
:g/^ *$/ddelete lines only contain spaceadd “inline” to all function
:%s/\(.*(\)/inline \1/gthis can work, but not perfect!!
%s/\(^[□tab]*\)\(.*(.*\)/\1inline \2/gdelete all spaces at the end of every line:
:%s/\(.*\) *$/\1/read range of lines from another file to current file
:r! sed -n 100,158p /home/dennis/test.clist all the match lines of searching on screen
:g/pattern/pIn its longer format::global/regular-expression/print
Ifpatternis leave out, like:g//p, vim will uses previous search item.
You can leavepout too, because p(rint) is the default action.copy all lines containing a search pattern
qaqclear register a:g/pattern/y Aappend all matching lines to register, then usepto paster them.make a list number, reference this
first, add this code to vimrc:
" Add argument (can be negative, default 1) to global variable i. " Return value of i before the change. function Inc(...) let result = g:i let g:i += a:0 > 0 ? a:1 : 1 return result endfunctionthen type
:so ~/.vimrcto make it effective, and use command:let i = 1 | %s/ /\=' ' . Inc() . '.'/before:
* How do you write a fast network server? * How do you write a network server that can handle 10000 clients? * What bottlenecks are there and how do you avoid them?after:
* 10.How do you write a fast network server? * 11.How do you write a network server that can handle 10000 clients? * 12.What bottlenecks are there and how do you avoid them?Test command
:let i = 0 | %s/f0/\='f' . Inc()/before:
<f0>int state;\l|\ <f0>int iostate;\l|\ <f0>int fd;\l|\ <f0>struct session *session;\l|\after:
<f0>int state;\l|\ <f1>int iostate;\l|\ <f2>int fd;\l|\ <f3>struct session *session;\l|\delete all space character at the end of each line
:%s/\s\+$//g
and for the beginning of each line is:%s/^\s\+//gg?translate the selected content by ROT13, usinguto cancel operation:%TOhtmltranslate to html formatEncrypt
method one:set key=123456, then save and quit:wq
method two:X, type the passwd twice，save and quit:wq
clean passwd:set key=, save and quit:wqautocmd FileType c,cpp set shiftwidth=4 | set expandtabadd to .vimrc, expand tab to be four space23,38w newfilewrite the content between specify lines to file,320,$ >>newfileappend to file23,38!sortsort lines 23 through 38%s/ */\r/greplace space as return%s/[ \t][ \t]*/\r/greplace space or tab as return%s/\(\S\) \+/\1/gdelete all whitespace characters which after non-whitespace.:g/\[/,/\]/jjoin multiple line to one
other valued skills
- vim notes
- VimTip - Vim Tips Wiki
- Best Vim Tips
- Best of Vim Tips
- 12 Powerful Find and Replace Examples
other version
Vundle, plugin manager
- Git时代的VIM不完全使用教程
- install
git clone http://github.com/gmarik/vundle.git ~/.vim/bundle/vundle
.vimrc(put plugin name behind
Bundle, more plugin see vim-scripts.org)set nocompatible " be iMproved filetype off " required! set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle/ call vundle#rc() " let Vundle manage Vundle " required! Bundle 'gmarik/vundle' " vim-scripts repos Bundle 'vim-plugin-foo' Bundle 'vim-plugin-bar' filetype plugin indent on " required!manage plugin
:BundleInstall:BundleUpdate:BundleClean
- powerful plugin
- Bundle ‘ag.vim’
- Bundle ‘ctrlp.vim’
- Bundle ‘EasyMotion’
- Bundle ‘The-NERD-tree’
- Bundle ‘The-NERD-Commenter’
- Bundle ‘UltiSnips’
- Bundle ‘Tabular’
- Bundle ‘Valloric/YouCompleteMe’
install vim by source
- ./configure –prefix=path-to-install
- make && make install
- export PATH=path-to-install:PATH
some useful configuration of vimrc
set nushow line numberset hlshighlight search- Toggle auto indenting for code paste
:set paste:set nopaste