linux

GNU Linux program

Part 1 Linux program tools

GNU cc

gcc myapp.c -L/home/fred/lib -I/home/fred/include -lnew -o myapp

gcc cursesapp.c -lncurse -static -o cursesapp

/*
 * pisqrt.c - Calculate the square of PI 100,000,000
 * times
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
    double pi = M_PI; /* Defined in <math.h> */
    double pisqrt;
    long i;

    for (i=0; i<10000000; ++i) {
        pisqrt = sqrt(pi);
    }

    return 0;
}

GNU make

auto variable
$@
$<
$^
$?
$(@D)
$(@F)

GNU autoconf

configure.in
AC_INIT(unique_file_in_source_dir)
AC_OUTPUT([file...[,extra_cmds[,init_cmds]]])

AC_INIT
    Test program
    Test function library
    Test header
    Test type defined
    Test structure
    Test compile
    Test library function
    Test system call
AC_OUTPUT

autoscan
ifnames

patch

diff
patch

diff -c sigrot.1 sigrot.2 > sigrot.path
patch -p0 < sigrot.patch

GDB

assert

#include <assert.h>
void assert (int expression);

macro

__LINE__
__FILE__
__FUNCTION__

system header and error

stdlib.h    void abort(void);
stdlib.h    void exit(int status);
stdlib.h    int atexit(void (*fcn) (void));
stdio.h        void perror(const char *s);
string.h    char *strerror(int errnum);
errno.h        int errno;

void clearerr(FILE *stream);
int feof(FILE *stream);
int ferror(FILE *stream);

system log

klogd
syslogd

#include <syslog.h>
void syslog(int priority, char *format, ...);

syslog(LOG_WARNING | LOG_USER, "unable to open file %s *** %m\n", fname);

for shell:
logger [-s] [-f file] [-p pri] [-t tag] [-u socket] [message ...]

dynamic library

nm [options] file
ar {dmpgrtx} [member] archive files ...
ldd [options] file
ldconfig [options] [libs]

gcc -fPIC -g -c liberrr.c -o liberr.o
gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,liberr.so -o liberr.so.1.0.0 liberr.o -lc
ln -s liberr.so.1.0.0 liberr.so.1

void *dlopen(const char *filename, int flag);
void *dlsym(void *handle, char *symbol);
const char *dlerror(void);
int dlclose(void *handle);

gcc -g -Wall dltest.c -o dltest -ldl

Part 2 System Program

File I/O

open
create
close
read
write
ftruncate
lseek
fsync
fstat
fchown
fchmod
flock
fcntl
dup
dup2
slect
ioctl

fopen
freopen
fclose

feof
ferror
clearer
fileno

printf
fprintf
sprintf
snprintf

vprintf
vfprintf
vsprintf
vsnprintf

scanf
fscanf
sscanf

vscanf
vsscanf
vfscanf

fseek
ftell
fgetpos
fsetpos
rewind

fflush
setbuf
setbuffer
setlinebuf
setvbuf

remove
rename

tmpfile
tmpnam

mkstemp

getcwd
chdir
fchdir

mkdir
rmdir

opendir
readdir
rewinddir
closedir

Process control

system
fork
exec
popen
pclose

wait
waitpid

exit
abort
kill

alarm
pause

sigemptyset
sigfillset
sigaddset
sigdelset
sigismember

sigprocmask
sigaction
sgpending

sched_setscheduler
sched_getscheduler
sched_get_priority_max
sched_get_priority_min
getpriority
setpriority
nice

Thread

_clone

pthread_create
pthread_exit
pthread_join
pthread_detach
pthread_atfork
pthread_cancel
pthread_setcancelstate
pthread_setcanceltype
pthread_testcancel

pthread_cleanup_push
pthread_cleanup_pop
pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np
pthread_cleanup_pop_restore_np

pthread_cond_signal
pthread_cond_broadcast
pthread_cond_wait
pthread_cond_timewait
pthread_cond_destroy

pthread_equal

pthread_attr_

pthread_mutex_

memory manager

malloc
calloc
realloc
free

mmap
mumap
msync
mprotect
mlock
munlock
mlockall
munlockall

Part 3 IPC and Network program

IPC

pipe
popen
pclose

mkfifo

shmget
shmat
shmdt

msgget
msgsnd
msgrcv
msgctl

semget
semop
semctl

setsid

openlog
closelog
syslog

Netwrok

socket
bind
listen
connect
accept
read
write
recv_from
send_to

sendfile
close

netstat 
tcpdump

multicast

Part 4 GUI

terminal

ncurses

x windows

GTK+ GUI

Qt GUI

OpenGL Mesa 3D

Part 5 Special program technology

GNU Bash

Device Driver

Part 6

RPM

Licence

  1. MIT
  2. BSD
  3. GNU

Reference