difference between slect poll and epoll
There are other reasons to avoid select and use epoll. When using select, you
don’t know how many descriptors need attention. So you must keep track of the
biggest and loop to it.
rc = select(...);
/* check rc */
for (s = 0; s <= maxfd; s++) {
if (FD_ISSET(s)) {
/* ... */
}
}
Now with epoll it’s a lot cleaner:
nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);
/* check nfds */
for (n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
/* events[n].data.fd needs attention */
}
do fork process before create_epoll
Epoll example in C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define MAXEVENTS 64
static int
make_socket_non_blocking (int sfd)
{
int flags, s;
flags = fcntl (sfd, F_GETFL, 0);
if (flags == -1)
{
perror ("fcntl");
return -1;
}
flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
s = fcntl (sfd, F_SETFL, flags);
if (s == -1)
{
perror ("fcntl");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static int
create_and_bind (char *port)
{
struct addrinfo hints;
struct addrinfo *result, *rp;
int s, sfd;
memset (&hints, 0, sizeof (struct addrinfo));
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; /* Return IPv4 and IPv6 choices */
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; /* We want a TCP socket */
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; /* All interfaces */
s = getaddrinfo (NULL, port, &hints, &result);
if (s != 0)
{
fprintf (stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror (s));
return -1;
}
for (rp = result; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next)
{
sfd = socket (rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
if (sfd == -1)
continue;
s = bind (sfd, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen);
if (s == 0)
{
/* We managed to bind successfully! */
break;
}
close (sfd);
}
if (rp == NULL)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Could not bind\n");
return -1;
}
freeaddrinfo (result);
return sfd;
}
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sfd, s;
int efd;
struct epoll_event event;
struct epoll_event *events;
if (argc != 2)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [port]\n", argv[0]);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
sfd = create_and_bind (argv[1]);
if (sfd == -1)
abort ();
s = make_socket_non_blocking (sfd);
if (s == -1)
abort ();
s = listen (sfd, SOMAXCONN);
if (s == -1)
{
perror ("listen");
abort ();
}
efd = epoll_create1 (0);
if (efd == -1)
{
perror ("epoll_create");
abort ();
}
event.data.fd = sfd;
event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
s = epoll_ctl (efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd, &event);
if (s == -1)
{
perror ("epoll_ctl");
abort ();
}
/* Buffer where events are returned */
events = calloc (MAXEVENTS, sizeof event);
/* The event loop */
while (1)
{
int n, i;
n = epoll_wait (efd, events, MAXEVENTS, -1);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if ((events[i].events & EPOLLERR) ||
(events[i].events & EPOLLHUP) ||
(!(events[i].events & EPOLLIN)))
{
/* An error has occured on this fd, or the socket is not
ready for reading (why were we notified then?) */
fprintf (stderr, "epoll error\n");
close (events[i].data.fd);
continue;
}
else if (sfd == events[i].data.fd)
{
/* We have a notification on the listening socket, which
means one or more incoming connections. */
while (1)
{
struct sockaddr in_addr;
socklen_t in_len;
int infd;
char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], sbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
in_len = sizeof in_addr;
infd = accept (sfd, &in_addr, &in_len);
if (infd == -1)
{
if ((errno == EAGAIN) ||
(errno == EWOULDBLOCK))
{
/* We have processed all incoming
connections. */
break;
}
else
{
perror ("accept");
break;
}
}
s = getnameinfo (&in_addr, in_len,
hbuf, sizeof hbuf,
sbuf, sizeof sbuf,
NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
if (s == 0)
{
printf("Accepted connection on descriptor %d "
"(host=%s, port=%s)\n", infd, hbuf, sbuf);
}
/* Make the incoming socket non-blocking and add it to the
list of fds to monitor. */
s = make_socket_non_blocking (infd);
if (s == -1)
abort ();
event.data.fd = infd;
event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
s = epoll_ctl (efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, infd, &event);
if (s == -1)
{
perror ("epoll_ctl");
abort ();
}
}
continue;
}
else
{
/* We have data on the fd waiting to be read. Read and
display it. We must read whatever data is available
completely, as we are running in edge-triggered mode
and won't get a notification again for the same
data. */
int done = 0;
while (1)
{
ssize_t count;
char buf[512];
count = read (events[i].data.fd, buf, sizeof buf);
if (count == -1)
{
/* If errno == EAGAIN, that means we have read all
data. So go back to the main loop. */
if (errno != EAGAIN)
{
perror ("read");
done = 1;
}
break;
}
else if (count == 0)
{
/* End of file. The remote has closed the
connection. */
done = 1;
break;
}
/* Write the buffer to standard output */
s = write (1, buf, count);
if (s == -1)
{
perror ("write");
abort ();
}
}
if (done)
{
printf ("Closed connection on descriptor %d\n",
events[i].data.fd);
/* Closing the descriptor will make epoll remove it
from the set of descriptors which are monitored. */
close (events[i].data.fd);
}
}
}
}
free (events);
close (sfd);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}