maxima tutorial

安装 yum install maxima
运行 maxima

例子

[root@localhost ~]# maxima --version
Maxima 5.29.1
[root@localhost ~]# maxima
Maxima 5.29.1 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
using Lisp SBCL 1.1.2-1.fc18
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) 2+3;
(%o1)                                  5
(%i2) 1/3;
                                       1
(%o2)                                  -
                                       3
(%i3) float(1/3);
(%o3)                          .3333333333333333
(%i4) sum(i^2, i, 1, 3);
(%o4)                                 14
(%i5) ? if

 -- Special operator: if
     Represents conditional evaluation.  Various forms of `if'
     expressions are recognized.

     `if <cond_1> then <expr_1> else <expr_0>' evaluates to <expr_1> if
     <cond_1> evaluates to `true', otherwise the expression evaluates
     to <expr_0>.

     The command `if <cond_1> then <expr_1> elseif <cond_2> then
     <expr_2> elseif ... else <expr_0>' evaluates to <expr_k> if
     <cond_k> is `true' and all preceding conditions are `false'.  If
     none of the conditions are `true', the expression evaluates to
     `expr_0'.

     A trailing `else false' is assumed if `else' is missing.  That is,
     the command `if <cond_1> then <expr_1>' is equivalent to `if
     <cond_1> then <expr_1> else false', and the command `if <cond_1>
     then <expr_1> elseif ... elseif <cond_n> then <expr_n>' is
     equivalent to `if <cond_1> then <expr_1> elseif ... elseif
     <cond_n> then <expr_n> else false'.

    git/ The alternatives <expr_0>, ..., <expr_n> may be any Maxima
     expressions, including nested `if' expressions.  The alternatives
     are neither simplified nor evaluated unless the corresponding
     condition is `true'.

     The conditions <cond_1>, ..., <cond_git/n> are expressions which
     potentially or actually evaluate to `true' or `false'.  When a
     condition does not actually evaluate to `true' or `false', the
     behavior of `if' is governed by the global flag `prederror'.  When
     `prederror' is `true', it is an error if any evaluated condition
     does not evaluate to `true' or `false'.  Otherwise, conditions
     which do not evaluate to `true' or `false' are accepted, and the
     result is a conditional expression.

     Among other elements, conditions may comprise relational and
     logical operators as follows.

          Operation            Symbol      Type

          less than            <           relational infix
          less than            <=
            or equal to                    relational infix
          equality (syntactic) =           relational infix
          negation of =        #           relational infix
          equality (value)     equal       relational function
          negation of equal    notequal    relational function
          greater than         >=
            or equal to                    relational infix
          greater than         >           relational infix
          and                  and         logical infix
          or                   or          logical infix
          not                  not         logical prefix

  There are also some inexact matches for `if'.
  Try `?? if' to see them.git/

(%o5)                                true
(%i6) 
(%i6) quit ();
[root@localhost ~]#

画图

plot2d(x^3+2*x^2-3,[x,-2,2]);

plot3d(sin(x)*cos(y),[x,-2,2],[y,-2,2]);

编程
创建一个后缀为max(可以是任何后缀)的文件,如test.max,编辑代码后保存.
在maxima环境中执行batch("test.max")

test.max

a:2;
b:5;
a^3+b^2;

执行效果

(%i3) batch("test.max");

read and interpret file: /root/prj/git/euler/maxima/test.max
(%i4)                                a : 2
(%o4)                                  2
(%i5)                                b : 5
(%o5)                                  5
                                    2    3
(%i6)                               b  + a
(%o6)                                 33
(%o6)                 /root/prj/git/euler/maxima/test.max

关于batch的更多用法，请查阅帮助手册中的章节13.3 Functions and Variables for File Input and Output

其他范例
Project Euler第1题

sum(if (mod(i, 3) = 0) or (mod(i, 5) = 0) then i else 0, i, 1, 999)

Project Euler第2题
euler2.max

s:0$
for i:3 while fib(i)<=4*10^6 do (s:s+fib(i), i:i+2)$
display(s);

执行效果

(%i164) batch("euler2.max");

read and interpret file: /root/prj/euler/maxima/euler2.max
(%i165)                              s : 0
                                         6
(%i166) for i from 3 while fib(i) <= 4 10  do (s : fib(i) + s, i : 2 + i)
(%i167)                           display(s)
                                  s = 4613732

(%o167)                              done
(%o167)              /root/prj/euler/maxima/euler2.max

相关语法说明
; 代码结束符
$ 多行代码
, 多个语句使用(sentence1, sentence2)
帮助手册
浏览器查看文件/usr/share/maxima/5.29.1/doc/html/maxima.html